Cloning plants

5.12 Describe the use of restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites and ligase enzymes to join pieces of DNA together

- Restriction enzyme is able to cut the DNA
- Cut DNA at particular position which creates restriction enzyme
- DNA ligase join DNA together
- Restriction cuts
- The DNA ligase joins

5.11 Understand that animals with desired characteristics can be developed by selective breeding

- Milk yield - shared through cows by quarter of produced - some cows only produce about 100 ml
- Farmer collects all milk yet leaves part of milk for breeding more cows
- Next generation produces increased amount of milk
- Cows produce high yield become breeding population become selective
- develop desired characteristic by selective breeding which is milk yield - genetic genes

5.10 Understand that plants with desired characteristics can be developed by selective breeding

- Some plants have 6 grains per stem, others have 8 grains and some have 10 grains per stem.
- Farmer harvests grain but 10 grains are for selective breeding
- next generation would increase to 8, 10 and 12 but this time 12 grains per stem would be used for the selective breeding
- rice gradually increases so, the yield increase

5.9 Large Farming

- Fish farming-low fat and high protein
- efficient of turning there nutrients into fish mass
Positives:
- Quality Control of water
- Can control predators
- can reduce pests
- Can control disease
These lead to increase of fish

5.8 - Fermentation

Fermentation is the process by which yeast converts the glucose in the wort to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide gas -- giving the beer both its alcohol content and its carbonation.
Equation: glucose, ethanol + carbon dioxide

5.7 - Lactobacillus in Yoghurt

- Cow produces milk
- Remove TB heat: pasturation – kills pathogens in the milk
- Add lactobaculus enzymes – lactic acid and sugars to milk
- Lower acidic conditions
- Add milk proteins
- Control solidity of milk
Produced:
YOGUHRT